Cleaning/sanitizing methods, compositions, and/or articles for non-food inanimate surfaces

ABSTRACT

Basic cleaning compositions using toxicologically-acceptable ingredients for cleaning fruits and vegetables are provided. Liquid formulations comprising detergent surfactant, such as oleate, alcohol ethoxylates, etc., and neutralized phosphoric acid are sprayed onto apples, lettuce and the like to remove soil and unwanted deposits, especially wax. Articles for applying the compositions to produce by spraying are disclosed. Use of the compositions for disinfectancy/sanitization of produce and cleaning/disinfectancy/sanitization of non-food inanimate surfaces are disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S. applicationSer. No. 09/780,808, filed Feb. 9, 2001, which is a Divisional patentapplication of patent application Ser. No. 09/186,206, filed Nov. 4,1998, which is a Continuation Patent Application of patent applicationSer. No. 08/847,773, filed May 5, 1997 and issued as U.S. Pat. No.5,879,470, which is a Continuation Patent Application of patentapplication Ser. No. 08/495,288, filed Jun. 27, 1995.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present invention relates to methods for removing dirt andother unwanted residues from produce, e.g., fruits and vegetables, whichis intended for ingestion by humans or lower animals and to detersivecompositions, especially in liquid form, which are especially suitablefor practicing said methods.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] It is well-known and appreciated by consumers that fruits andvegetables should be thoroughly washed prior to ingestion in order toremove soils and other unwanted residues which may be undesirablyclinging to the surfaces thereof. In addition, some consumers wish toremove the artificial “waxy” coatings which may be applied to somefruits to retard moisture loss for increased storage life and to enhancetheir appearance. It has been estimated that 95% of consumers recognizethe need for thorough washing but, ordinarily, only use tap water forthis purpose. On the order of 5% of those consumers who do wash theirvegetables use a household cleaner, typically a liquid dishwashingproduct, to help ensure cleanliness. However, dishwashing products arenot specifically intended for such use, inasmuch as they are usuallydesigned to provide high, persistent suds which makes them inconvenientto remove from the fruits or vegetables which have been washedtherewith. It will also be appreciated that the formulation of trulyeffective compositions, especially those which can be used safely byindividual consumers, for washing fruits and vegetables presents aunique problem to the formulator, inasmuch as many art-disclosedcleaning ingredients would, presumably, not be desirable for use indirect contact with foods where they might not be fully removed.

[0004] Moreover, it would be especially desirable to provide effective,toxicologically-acceptable cleaning compositions for fruits andvegetables in the form of substantially low-sudsing liquid solutionswhich are clear or which have only minimal haziness. Liquid solutionsare convenient for the user, since they can be applied directly tosoiled fruits and vegetables, followed by rinsing in tap water. Theclarity of the liquids connotes cleanliness to the user and is thushighly desirable. Low sudsing is an important attribute so that removalof the solution by rinsing is achieved quickly and easily. It would alsobe of advantage if such compositions could be provided in the form ofconcentrates, which could be diluted by the consumer before use and/orapplied to the fruits and vegetables as a direct spray-on.

[0005] Unfortunately, many toxicologically-acceptable cleaningingredients do not meet the aforesaid requirements for clear,low-sudsing, dilutable liquid products. Many detersive surfactants formcloudy or even opaque suspensions, even in soft water. Of course, manysurfactants are specifically designed to be high sudsing. Still othersform relatively intractable phases in their concentrated form.

[0006] It has been disclosed that soap and/or certain nonionicsurfactants, properly formulated, e.g., with water-soluble oleate orlaurate salts and other ingredients can provide liquid compositionshaving the desired properties described above. It has also beendisclosed that preferred compositions can be formulated in the basic pHrange. Even when such basic compositions do have a soapy feel, they arepreferred over the acidic compositions herein for removing artificialwaxy coatings, especially from fruit such as apples. However, theinvention also comprises basic compositions having less soapy feel. Ithas now been discovered that the addition of neutralized phosphoric acidprovides even better cleaning, especially of waxy material, even at thesame pH.

BACKGROUND ART

[0007] The use and selection of cleaning ingredients for the purpose ofwashing fruits and vegetables is described by the United States Code ofFederal Regulations, Title 21, Section 173.315: “Ingredients for use inwashing or lye peeling of fruits and vegetables”. These regulationsrestrict the ingredients that may be used for direct contact with foodto those described as “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS), and a fewother selected ingredients. These sections also provide certainlimitations on the amount of material that can be used in a givencontext.

[0008] Among these ingredients, the experienced formulator will findonly a few ingredients which can provide effective cleaning ofhydrophobic residues, such as waxes, oils, or man-made chemical residuessuch as pesticides. It is recognized these types of residues are removedmost readily by surface active ingredients in water, or by organicsolvents largely in the absence of water. Other types of soils,especially particulate insoluble soils that do not readily disperse inwater, are effectively removed by surface active materials in water,especially when aided by complex anionic salts, such as citrates(polycarboxylates), or polyphosphate salts.

[0009] Within this limited group of ingredients the range of effectivecleaning compositions well suited to the task of cleaning fruits andvegetables, especially as practiced by individual consumers, have notbeen previously described. It is desirable to formulate liquidcompositions which are amenable to either direct application to produce,preferably by spray application, or could be provided in suitableconcentrated form to allow convenient dilution in a bowl or sink ofwater for washing of produce by immersion. Further, it is desirable ifthe compositions are low sudsing, and easily rinsed, without leavingresidue. Preferred compositions should be mild to the hands, especiallyfor direct application.

[0010]Food Chemical News. Inc., 1991, p. 334.1, reports that PEG200-9500 has been cleared under §178.3750 as a component in articles foruse in contact with food (Fed. Register, Oct. 15, 1968). Nonetheless,for washing produce, polyethylene glycol should be affirmed as GRAS.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The present invention encompasses methods for cleaning produce,especially fruits and vegetables, (and compositions, as disclosedhereinafter, for practicing said methods) at a basic pH. The presentinvention comprises several aspects including:

[0012] I. A method for cleaning produce comprising contacting thesurfaces of said produce by direct application of an aqueous cleaningsolution typically comprising:

[0013] (a) from about 0.01% to about 15% of C₈-C₁₈ fatty acid;

[0014] (b) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of nonionicsurfactant, especially ethoxylated and/or propoxylated adducts ofaliphatic C₁₂₋₁₈ alcohols, but preferably less than about one eighth ofthe amount of said fatty acid;

[0015] (c) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of organicpolycarboxylic acid, preferably citric acid;

[0016] (d) optionally, up to about 0.2% by weight of base-stable anionicsurfactant such as the alkali or alkaline earth salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonate;

[0017] (e) optionally, toxicologically-acceptable basic buffer such aspotassium and/or sodium basic materials, e.g., the hydroxides and/orsalts of carbonate and/or bicarbonate;

[0018] (f) optionally, toxicologically-acceptable preservative;

[0019] (g) optionally, but preferably, from about 0.05% to about 10%,preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.3%to about 2% of phosphoric acid;

[0020] (h) optionally, at least about 0.05%, preferably from about 0.1%to about 10%, most preferably from about 0.25% to about 3.0%, by weight,of water-soluble polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about200, or higher; and

[0021] (i) the balance comprising an aqueous carrier selected from waterand, optionally, low molecular weight, toxicologically-acceptableorganic solvent such as ethanol, glycerol, etc.;

[0022] all of the acidic materials above being, of course, neutralizedunder the alkaline conditions of the product, preferably neutralizedwith sodium and/or potassium, preferably potassium, compatible basicmaterial, wherein said aqueous solution has a pH in the range of 9.5 orgreater, preferably more than about 11, and even more preferably fromabout 11.5 to about 12.5, and said composition preferably beingessentially free of any material that is not toxicologically acceptable.

[0023] The inventions disclosed herein preferably encompass compositionsfor use in a method for cleaning fruits and vegetables at a basic pHabove about 9.5, comprising:

[0024] (a) from about 0.01% to about 15% of C₈-C₁₈ fatty acid which isneutralized, preferably a member selected from the group consisting ofsodium or potassium oleate (preferred), or from about 0.5% to 10% byweight of sodium or potassium laurate;

[0025] (b) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of nonionicsurfactant, especially ethoxylated/propoxylated adducts of aliphaticC₁₂₋₁₈ alcohols, but preferably less than about one eighth of the amountof said fatty acid;

[0026] (c) optionally, but preferably, from about 0.2% to about 4% byweight of potassium and/or sodium polycarboxylate, having detergentbuilding capability and preferably being derived from natural sources,such as potassium and/or sodium citrate, as a dispersant for particulatesoils;

[0027] (d) optionally, up to about 0.2% by weight of base-stable anionicsurfactant such as the alkali or alkaline earth salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonate;

[0028] (e) optionally, toxicologically-acceptable basic buffer such aspotassium and/or sodium basic materials, e.g., the hydroxides and/orsalts of carbonate and/or bicarbonate;

[0029] (f) optionally, toxicologically-acceptable preservative;

[0030] (g) optionally, but preferably, from about 0.05% to about 10%,preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.3%to about 2% of phosphoric acid; and

[0031] (h) optionally, at least about 0.05%, preferably from about 0.1%to about 10%, most preferably from about 0.25% to about 3.0%, by weight,of water-soluble polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about200, or higher;

[0032] (i) the balance preferably comprising aqueous carrier selectedfrom water and, optionally, low molecular weight,toxicologically-acceptable organic solvent such as ethanol, glycerol,etc., preferably selected from water and water-ethanol;

[0033] wherein said aqueous cleaning solution has a pH of 9.5 orgreater, and preferably employs carbonate salt, or salts, as buffer (e),preferably with hydroxide base, to provide a pH of from about 11 toabout 12.5, more preferably from about 11.5 to about 12.5. Thecompositions can also be formulated as concentrates, in which at leastpart of (i) is removed and the levels of the remaining ingredients areadjusted to complete the formula. In all of the above lists ofcomponents, if an ingredient can be classified in more than one place,it will be classified in the first place it can appear.

[0034] A more specific method for cleaning fruits and vegetables at abasic pH, preferably more than about 9.5, comprises contacting thesurfaces of said fruits and vegetables with an aqueous cleaning solutioncomprising potassium oleate, preferably at a level of more than about0.5%. Potassium oleate is mild, rinses well, has minimal odor, iseffective in removing unwanted materials, especially wax, from apples,does not oversuds, and is very safe, even when the composition ismisused and the vegetable, or fruit, etc., is not completely rinsed.Therefore, it is a uniquely preferred surfactant for use in cleaningfood materials like vegetables and fruits. The potassium cation is moreuseful than the sodium cation, especially in the absence of polyethyleneglycol, since the potassium oleate is quite soluble whereas the sodiumoleate tends to form a less soluble soap, especially at lowtemperatures.

[0035] A concentrated, alkaline method for cleaning produce comprisescontacting the surfaces of produce with a cleaning solution containingfrom about 0.5% to about 15%, preferably from about 0.75% to about 8%,more preferably from about 1% to about 5%, detergent surfactant,preferably one that is GRAS, and more preferably said oleate surfactant,said cleaning solution having a pH of from about 9.5 to about 12.5,preferably from about 11 to about 12.5, especially when the detergentsurfactant is a soap such as the said oleate, more preferably from about11.5 to about 12.3. Such compositions when used in an effective amountto clean apples coated with wax, will provide more effective removal ofthe wax when combined with the neutralized phosphoric acid. Removal ofwax from apples is one of the most difficult cleaning tasks andtherefore is indicative of overall superior performance. It is importantto remove as much wax as possible to minimize the amount of anyundesirable materials that may be trapped by the wax.

[0036] Another preferred variation in the above methods for cleaningproduce involves placing said cleaning solutions in a spray container toprovide a spray of said solution to distribute the said solution, orsolutions, over the surfaces of the produce while utilizing only aminimum amount of the cleaning solution and minimizing the exposure ofthe remaining solution to the atmosphere, where the solution is morelikely to be contaminated and/or exposed to oxygen, both of which tendto cause undesirable changes in the solutions from aesthetic and/orperformance considerations. In such spray processes, there is only needfor a relatively small amount of material in the package, and forindividual consumer use, this is desirable, since some consumers willnot be able to manipulate large weights. For individual consumer usage,typically, the container will contain no more than about two gallons(about eight liters), preferably no more than about one gallon (aboutfour liters), especially when the container is a spray container, evenone that has a tube that permits the spray device to be manipulatedwhile the bulk container remains in place. More preferably such spraycontainers contain about one liter, or less, of cleaning solution.

[0037] The invention encompasses basic cleaning compositions in bothconcentrated and dilute forms, especially adapted for practicing saidmethods. (In the following disclosure, the lower amounts of thespecified ingredients denote the dilute forms of the compositions hereinand the higher amounts denote the concentrated forms which are typicallydiluted by a factor of from about 2 to about 3.) The compositions can beconcentrated even more to non-aqueous liquids or solids according to theteaching in U.S. Pat. No. 5,280,042, Lopes, said patent beingincorporated by reference. Such compositions include the following.

[0038] A composition for cleaning fruits and vegetables at a basic pH,comprising:

[0039] (a) from about 0.1% to about 15%, preferably from about 1% toabout 5%, by weight of a member selected from the group consisting ofsodium or potassium oleate (preferred), sodium or potassium laurate, ormixtures thereof;

[0040] (b) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4%, preferably about0.3% to about 1.0%, by weight of nonionic surfactant as described above;

[0041] (c) from about 0.2% to about 4% by weight of polycarboxylic acidsalt, especially potassium hydrogen citrate;

[0042] (d) from about 0.3% to about 5% of ortho-phosphoric acid; and

[0043] (e) the balance comprising aqueous carrier selected from waterand water-ethanol;

[0044] wherein said composition has a pH of 9.5 or greater.

[0045] Preferably, the basic compositions herein contain from about 0.5%to about 1.5% by weight of potassium, and/or sodium, carbonate and/orbicarbonate buffer and have a pH of from about 11.5 to about 12.5.

[0046] Preferred compositions for use herein in a concentrated alkalinemethod contain from about 0.1% to about 15%, preferably from about 0.5%to about 8%, more preferably from about 1% to about 5%, detergentsurfactant, preferably one that is GRAS; from about 0.3% to about 5% ofortho-phosphoric acid and have a pH of from about 9.5 to about 12.5,preferably from about 11.5 to about 12.3. Such compositions, when usedin an effective amount to clean apples coated with wax, will providemore effective removal of the wax. Removal of wax from apples is one ofthe most difficult cleaning tasks and therefore is indicative of overallsuperior performance.

[0047] The present invention also encompasses detersive compositionswith an improved tactile impression which are especially adapted forcleaning fruits and vegetables, comprising:

[0048] (a) at least about 0.1%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 8%,most preferably from about 1% to about 5%, by weight, of a C₁₂-C₁₈ fattyacid or salt thereof;

[0049] (b) at least about 0.05%, preferably from about 0.1% to about10%, most preferably from about 0.25% to about 3.0%, by weight, ofwater-soluble polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about200, or higher;

[0050] (c) from about 0.1% to about 5% of neutralized ortho-phosphoricacid; and

[0051] (d) water or water-ethanol fluid carrier, said composition havinga basic pH.

[0052] The balance of the composition can comprise various optionaladjunct materials, pH-adjusting agents, perfumes or essences,preservatives and the like.

[0053] In a preferred mode, component (b) has a molecular weight in therange from about 300 to about 9500.

[0054] Typical compositions herein are wherein component (a) ispotassium oleate, and wherein the weight ratio of (a):(b) is in therange from about 1:2 to about 30:1, preferably from about 1:1 to about15:1.

[0055] The compositions having improved tactile impression are typicallyformulated in the basic pH range, preferably from about pH 9.5 to aboutpH 12.5. Preferred compositions have a viscosity at room temperature ofless than about 100 centipoise, preferably less than about 50 centipoisefor sprayable compositions.

[0056] Preferred compositions for use herein contain only materials thatare GRAS, including, of course, direct food additives affirmed as GRAS,to protect against possible misuse by the consumer. Traditionally, mostsuggestions for cleaning of fruits and/or vegetables have contemplated acommercial scale where there is typically more control over theconditions, especially the amount and thoroughness of rinsing. Thepresent invention, especially the methods involving use of hand heldtrigger activated spray means are primarily/solely suitable for use byindividual consumers so that it is essential that extra safety be builtinto the product. Failure to rinse thoroughly after cleaning is less ofa concern if all of the ingredients are GRAS. This is especiallyimportant when concentrated basic compositions suitable for removal ofwax from apples are used. The larger amounts of materials needed forremoval of wax create an heretofore unknown level of risk for theindividual consumers, many of whom are not likely to read, or follow,instructions which would permit safe use of non-GRAS materials.

[0057] The ingredients in the above compositions are preferably selectedand used in proportions which provide substantially clear compositions.“Substantially clear” includes only minimal haziness, and preferably thecompositions are completely clear. The ingredients are also selected tohave minimal odor, both initially and after storage. The lack of odor isespecially important in compositions for use on food. The compositionspreferably have a viscosity that is more than about 2 centipoise,preferably more than about 10 centipoise when at rest, but thin undershear to permit easy dispensing, especially from spray containers.

[0058] Below pH about 9.7, the compositions can exhibit someobjectionable fatty acid odor. Even at the optimal pH's above 11, someodor can persist. In order to mask this odor, the compositions cancontain a GRAS perfume, or essence, ingredient. Especially preferred forthis use are oils derived from citrus fruit, e.g., oranges, lemons,limes, grapefruits, tangerines, tangelos, etc. which contain relativelylarge amounts of terpenes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0059] The following toxicologically-acceptable ingredients are used inthe preparation of the preferred compositions herein. By“toxicologically-acceptable” is meant that any residues from theingredients of the compositions which may remain on the fruits orvegetables cleansed therewith are safe for ingestion by humans and/orlower animals.

[0060] Nonionic Surfactant—The nonionic surfactant is preferablyselected from materials known in the art, such as alkylene oxide(ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide) adducts of C₁₀₋₁₈ aliphaticalcohols or acids, C₁₀₋₁₈ aliphatic alcohol adducts of glucose (alkylpolyglucosides). The specific nonionic surfactant selected ideally has ahydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) greater than about 10, and a cloudpoint above about 35° C. in the composition. The United States Code ofFederal Regulations (CFR) specifically describes an ethyleneoxide/propylene oxide adduct of C12-18 aliphatic alcohol of molecularweight of about 800. Such a material is available as PLURAFAC RA-20(BASF).

[0061] In the basic compositions containing soap, the alkoxylatedalcohol functions mainly as a dispersant for any soap curd which mayform during the cleansing operation. Further, it is recognized that theselection of non-nitrogen containing nonionics can minimize thepossibility of microbial growth in the dilute surfactant compositions.

[0062] Fatty Acid and/or Salts Thereof—The acidic compositions hereinare preferably formulated using an unsaturated fatty acid; oleic acid ispreferred and convenient for this use. However, the particular oleicacid that is selected should preferably be low in polyunsaturates, e.g.,contain less than about 10%, preferably less than about 7%, morepreferably less than about 5%, polyunsaturated acid minor components,and will typically have an Iodine Value (IV) of from about 70 to about100, preferably from about 83 to about 95, more preferably from about 85to about 90. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are not preferred herein, dueto odor problems. However, this is primarily from aestheticconsiderations since such acids are effective in cleaning. The amount ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids should be less than about 8%, preferably 0%.The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids with more than about twodouble bonds should be less than about 1%, preferably 0%. Saturatedfatty acids are unacceptable as they have limited solubility for longerchainlength materials (≧C₁₂), or have unacceptable odor (≦C₁₀). Forexample, stearic and/or tallow fatty acids soaps, even potassium soaps,do not have enough solubility at room temperature, where most producecleaning is done by individual consumers, to formulate even compositionscontaining the minimum of about 0.1% soap required for acceptablecleaning. Other specific solubilizing surfactants in higher proportionswould be required to solubilize these saturated fatty acids. Pamolyn 100FGK oleic acid is a good example of a suitable commercial fatty acid.

[0063] Phosphoric Acid

[0064] Phosphoric acid is an extremely desirable component for improvingthe removal of, e.g., wax from apples. The advantage is not due solelyto pH since the improvement is observed at any pH. E.g., as disclosedhereinafter, when the pH is varied from about 11 to about 12, theresults are superior when the neutralized ortho-phosphoric acid ispresent. The result is also not due to any ability of the neutralizedphosphoric acid to act as a builder to inhibit the problems associatedwith water hardness, since the results are improved when thecompositions are used full strength by application directly on the waxedsurface.

[0065] It is surprising that the neutralized orthophosphoric acidprovides such a large benefit. The advantage is especially noticed whenthe compositions are used full strength, e.g., by spraying thecomposition directly onto the surface of the produce.

[0066] Polyethylene Glycol—The water-soluble polyethylene glycol polymer(PEG) employed herein is the known article of commerce and is availableunder a variety of trade names, of which CARBOWAX (Union CarbideCorporation) is exemplary. PEG's in the average molecular weight rangeof from about 200 to about 20,000 can be used herein, and PEG asCARBOWAX in the average molecular weight range of at least about 200,typically 300 to about 9500, is convenient and preferred. As disclosedabove, the compositions herein will comprise at least about 0.05%, byweight, of the PEG and will typically comprise from about 0.1% to about10%, by weight, of PEG. The amounts used can vary with the molecularweight of the PEG, the amount of oleate or other fatty acid used in thecomposition, the desired viscosity of the composition, and like factorswithin the discretion of the formulator. The following Table 1illustrates the variation in viscosity which can be effected usingvarious levels of PEG and varying PEG molecular weights in a liquidcomposition (Control) comprising 3% potassium oleate. Table 1 alsoillustrates the effect of sodium benzoate (Bz) on viscosity. TABLE 1Viscosity Viscosity (cP* as made) (cP* as made) Composition 72° F. (22°C.) 43° F. (6° C.) Control (no PEG) 7 110  Control + 0.674% Bz 23  1000 Control + 0.118% Bz 7 159  Control + 0.1% PEG 400 5 36 Control + 0.5%PEG 400 2 17 Control + 0.1% PEG 8000 5 23 Control + 0.5% PEG 8000 8  4

[0067] In a typical mode, the preferred compositions herein that have animproved tactile impression will comprise oleate:PEG weight ratios inthe range from about 1:2 to about 30:1, preferably from about 1:1 toabout 15:1.

[0068] Tactile Impression—The compositions herein which contain thepolyethylene glycol are characterized not only by their excellentcleaning performance and sudsing/rinsability properties, but also bytheir improved viscosity properties and improved “feel”. While, asdisclosed above, the improved viscosities of the compositions herein arereadily demonstrated quantitatively using standard measurementtechniques, the improved feel of the compositions which come intocontact with the users' hands is a qualitative tactile impression.However, this improved, “non-slippery”, “non-soapy” improvement in skinfeel can be demonstrated by rubbing Test (PEG-containing) and Control(no PEG) compositions on the hands or inner forearms of volunteergraders. Even in such rudimentary tests, the graders can readilydistinguish the improved tactile impression of the compositions made inaccordance with this invention.

[0069] Optional Surfactants—Optionally, base stable anionic surfactantscan be employed, as allowed by the United States Code of FederalRegulations, Title 21, Section 173.315. Preferred are salts ofdodecylbenzene sulfonate, typically at levels up to 0.2%. Also describedin the CFR are phosphate esters of ethylene and/or ethylene/propyleneoxide adducts of aliphatic alcohols, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and2-ethylhexyl sulfate.

[0070] Sequestrant/builder—The organic polycarboxylic acid, or saltthereof, e.g., citric acid, or sodium and/or potassium citrate, and/orethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or sodium and/or potassiumethylenediaminetetraacetate, are standard items of commerce and areGRAS. Other organic poly carboxylic acids, especially those that areGRAS, such as tartaric, malic, etc. acids, can also be used. Whenformulating the basic formulations herein, it is preferred to use thepotassium salt, as compared with the sodium salt, to provide ease offormulatability. Complex phosphates can also be used, but are generallyavoided due to regulatory considerations.

[0071] Buffer—Toxicologically-acceptable basic buffers can be used inthe compositions herein to maintain product pH in the base range. Forease of formulatability, it is highly preferred that such basic buffersbe in their potassium salt form. Potassium citrate is a preferreddispersant for particulate soils. Potassium carbonate is a convenientand preferred basic pH buffer. Sodium bicarbonate is a highly desirablematerial to add to the compositions of this invention as a part of thebuffering system since it is readily available as baking soda in foodgrade and is therefore relatively inexpensive, while providing a highlydesirable purity to the composition. Compositions formulated with amixture of potassium and sodium cations in molar ratios of from about1:1 to about 10:1, preferably from about 2:1 to about 8:1, morepreferably from about 4:1 to about 5:1 potassium to sodium, e.g., asprovided by mixtures of potassium hydroxide (hydrate) and sodiumbicarbonate, have desirable rheological properties. The compositions aresufficiently viscous, so as to cling to the fruit or vegetable untilspread, but are readily dispensed, e.g, by means of a spray device,either aerosol or finger-activated pump. The levels and identities ofthe ingredients are adjusted to provide products having the desiredviscosities as set forth herein, e.g., more than about 2, preferablymore than about 5, more preferably more than about 10 centipoise when atrest, and less than about 150, preferably less than about 100, morepreferably less than about 50 centipoise under shear of ≧˜1000 sec⁻¹.

[0072] The ability of the preferred compositions containing mixtures ofboth sodium and potassium cations to shear thin is important to promoteeasy dispensing, especially when the compositions are sprayed, whilemaintaining the ability to be thick, cling, and delay run off afterbeing applied to the produce.

[0073] The pH is preferably not greater than about 12.5, and especiallydoes not contain large amounts of buffer at higher pHs for consumersafety, especially when the compositions are sprayed.

[0074] Preservative—Formulating the present compositions at high pHreduces the tendency for biological growth of contaminants, such asbacteria, fungi, or molds. At neutral pH, an increased reliance onpreservatives is required to insure the lack of biological growththrough contamination in making or in use. Standard food-gradepreservatives such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and/or the saltsthereof, at a level of from about 0.01% to about 0.2% ofethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or its sodium and/or potassium salts,can be used although, in general, the basic pH compositions herein donot require a preservative.

[0075] Antioxidants The use of commercial oleic acid, or oleate salts,can be complicated by development of off-odors and/or yellowing of thecompositions in which they appear. These undesirable properties arebelieved to be caused by complex side reactions initiated by thereaction of oxygen with primarily the polyunsaturated components of thefatty acid stock. These results can be avoided, or minimized, byavoiding contact with air, or by controlling the quality of the fattyacid stock so that the amount and type of polyunsaturates are minimizedas described above, and/or by the addition of antioxidants.

[0076] It has been found, that the addition of tocopherols (e.g.,Vitamin E, or tocopherol acetates) in alkaline formulations isadvantageous, as they do not degrade, nor do they impart a strong color.They inhibit the development of off-odors for extended periods of timeso that the need for masking scents is minimized, or eliminated,particularly for oleic acid stocks of high quality, as described above.The use of butylated phenols, such as BHT and BHA is also useful, butthe quantity should be limited to avoid imparting colors to thecompositions. Other food grade antioxidants such as Vitamin C andsulfites, are desirable to prevent deterioration of the compositions bythe action of oxygen, but care must be taken since vitamin C can suffercolor degradation and sulfites can cause odor problems. Sulfites alsohave been the target of potential health concerns.

[0077] Fluid Carrier—The major proportion, e.g., more than about twothirds, (typically, 80%-98%, by weight) of the compositions hereincomprises water as the solubilizing carrier for the ingredients. Asnoted in the Examples hereinafter, water-ethanol can also be employedand is especially preferred when formulating the basic pH compositionsherein. The ethanol level preferably should not exceed 2% in thesolution used to clean the produce, to avoid an alcoholic odor,especially when spraying. Other compatible, water-soluble, low molecularweight solvents such as glycerol can also be used.

[0078] The compositions herein are preferably used by placing them in apackage comprising either an aerosol container or a non-aerosol spraydevice “spray means.” Said spray means is any of the manually activated,preferably “trigger-type,” means for producing a spray of liquiddroplets as is known in the art. Typical spray means are disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 4,082,223, Nozawa, issued Apr. 4, 1978; U.S. Pat. No.4,161,288, McKinney, issued Jul. 17, 1979; U.S. Pat. No. 4,558,821, Tadaet al., issued Dec. 17, 1985; U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,917, Saito et al.,issued Mar. 6, 1984; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,835, Tasaki, issued Apr.11, 1989, all of said patents being incorporated herein by reference.The spray bottle, or container can be any of the ones commonly used forcontaining hard surface cleaner detergent compositions. Examples ofbottles are those in U.S. Design Pat. No.: 244,991, Weekman et al.,issued Jul. 12, 1977; and U.S. Design Pat. No. 275,078, Wassergord etal., issued Aug. 14, 1984, said patents being incorporated herein byreference.

[0079] The spray means herein can also include those that incorporate acompatible propellant gas into the liquid and those that will foam evendetergent compositions having a viscosity of less than about 15 cps. Thedevice can also be one that can be adjusted to either give a liquidspray or a foam. The spray means herein are typically those that actupon a discrete amount of the composition itself, typically by means ofa piston that displaces the composition and expels the compositionthrough a nozzle to create a spray of thin liquid.

[0080] Preferred articles include the compositions herein that aresuitable for use in the processes described herein, in a package thatcan provide a spray. Such articles are not widely marketed. This issurprising in view of the clear advantages for such products for use byindividual consumers. The typical use involves treating individual itemsof produce, which would make preparation of a “bath” wasteful.

[0081] In a preferred process for using the products described herein,and especially those formulated to be used at full strength, the productis sprayed onto the food product to be cleaned, rubbed, rinsed and/orwiped off with a suitable clean material like cloth, sponge, a papertowel, etc.

[0082] Surprisingly, the compositions and processes described herein canprovide effective disinfectancy/sanitization. In order to provide goodkill of microorganisms, especially bacteria, one should use highconcentrations and/or longer exposure times. Typically, the productsshould be used full strength and allowed to remain on the produce for atleast about one minute, preferably at least about five minutes, and, forsome microorganisms, even ten minutes may be required. Longer exposuretimes (i.e., the time that the bacteria are in contact with the product)give better antimicrobial benefits. The importance of time depends bothon the pH of the product and on the formula concentration. At high pH(≧11.5) and high concentrations, antibacterial efficacy is achievedquickly. At lower pH values (pH≦11) and lower formula concentrations, alonger period of exposure time is required to achieve the same efficacy.

[0083] Higher pHs are also better, in general. This factor is importantfor the product's performance on the Gram negative bacteria, e.g.,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species. Higher product pH's producequicker and more complete kill. The opposite is true for the Grampositive bacteria, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus. Performance is equal to,or slightly better, as the pH is lowered from 11.5 to 9.5. However, thisis only true when the formula contains oleic acid.

[0084] As stated above, higher formula concentrations (when doneindependently of pH) enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of the product.The presence of oleic acid is the key factor for the performance on Grampositive organisms like S. aureus, while the pH is probably a biggerfactor for the Gram negative bacteria, e.g., E. coli and Pseudomonasspecies.

[0085] Packaging the products herein in a container with instructionsfor usage in terms of timing and avoidance of dilution in order toprovide disinfectancy/sanitization, will help the individual consumer byproviding information for proper usage in order to remove/killmicroorganisms. It is a special advantage of the product that it can beused for this purpose at a time in the food production process whererecontamination is minimized.

[0086] The compositions can also be used for cleaning (especially spotremoval), disinfectancy, or sanitization, on non-food (i.e., any surfacewhich is not used as food, even those which are not in contact withfood), inanimate, household surfaces, especially those used in foodproduction and other food-contacting surfaces (surfaces that come incontact with food). E.g., cutting boards, counter tops, utensils,dishes, colanders, sinks, sponges, towels, dish cloths, cloth napkins(serviettes), table cloths, and other surfaces that come in contact withfood. It is desirable to disinfect/sanitize before the surfaces come incontact with the food, and is desirable to redisinfect/sanitize wheneverthe surfaces become recontaminated. The products herein, containing allGRAS ingredients, are perfect for this purpose. On hard surfaces, ofcourse, the compositions can be removed, after sufficient time haselapsed, by rinsing or by absorption/wiping with an appropriate object,e.g., paper towel, sponge, squeegee, etc. Rinsing is still preferred.

[0087] The compositions of this invention can also be used totreat/clean other non-food inanimate household surfaces, such asfabrics, e.g., clothing, shoes, and shower curtains, especially thosethat are used by infants, especially toys, diapers (napkins), and bibs.The contaminated fabrics can be disinfected/sanitized, then rinsed offor washed, while minimizing the risk if the infant puts the fabric orother article in its mouth. The fabric can be treated totally, or byspot treatment, then the composition is removed, e.g., byrinsing/washing, absorbency, and/or mechanical force.

[0088] For fabrics, the pH of the compositions is preferably below about11.5, more preferably below about 11.

[0089] For fabric and hard surfaces, the distribution of thecompositions of this invention can be achieved by using a spray device,a roller, a pad, etc., or dipping in a “bath” of said compositions.Spraying is a preferred method.

[0090] All parts, percentages, and ratios herein are “by weight” unlessotherwise stated. All number values are approximate unless otherwisestated.

[0091] The following Examples illustrate the compositions and processesof this invention, but are not intended to be limiting thereof. Theexemplified basic liquid compositions can be prepared at pH 9.5-12.5 bydissolving the ingredients in water or water-ethanol using conventionalmixing apparatus. In a convenient mode, water is placed in a mixingvessel. Potassium hydroxide, the ortho-phosphoric acid, any citric acid,any bicarbonate, glycerine (processing aid), and any ethanol are addedin the named sequence, with stirring. The oleic acid is added with highshear and stirring is continued. The PEG (which can conveniently bepredispersed in water) is then added. The optional perfume ingredientscan be added any time after the oleic acid has been dissolved in themixture.

EXAMPLE 1

[0092] Product Control A B Water Ingredient level % level % level %level % Water 90.93 90.90 88.20 100.00 KOH 1.33 1.36 3.06 — Ethanol 2.002.00 2.00 — Glycerin 2.00 2.00 2.00 — Oleic acid 2.64 2.64 2.64 — SodiumBicarbonate 0.55 0.55 0.55 — Phosphoric Acid — — 1.00 — Citric acid 0.520.52 0.52 — Essence 0.03 0.03 0.03 — Neat pH 11.5 12.0 12.2 ˜7.5

[0093] Glass flasks are coated with AP-40 shellac and stress cured for24 hours @ 140 F. The flasks at room temperature are then washed with ˜5grams (5 squirts of a Calmar #TS-800 sprayer) of the respective productswith a 10 sec. rub, followed immediately with a water rinse, and allowedto dry. The % Wax removal is determined gravimetrically.

[0094] % Wax Removal Control 14%; A 9%; B 38%; and Water 0%.

[0095] Note: A vs. B shows a benefit for phosphoric acid addition atsimilar pH.

EXAMPLE 2

[0096] Product Water Control A B C reference Ingredient level % level %level % level % level % Water 90.93 88.08 88.05 88.05 100.00 KOH 1.333.06* 3.06* 3.06 — Ethanol 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 — Glycerin 2.00 2.00 2.002.00 — Oleic acid 2.64 2.64 2.64 2.64 — Sodium Bicarbonate 0.55 0.550.55 0.55 — Phosphoric Acid — 1.00 1.00 1.00 — Citric acid 0.52 0.520.52 0.52 — Essence 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 — PEG 3350 — 0.12 0.15 0.15 0Neat pH 11.5 12.6 12.0 11.5 ˜7.5

[0097] Using varying wax, curing, rub time and flask temperature, theabove compositions were used to clean in a manner similar to EXAMPLE 1,followed by a determination of the percentage of wax removed. The testconditions and results are as follows. % Wax Removal Wax/Curing/Rubtime/flask Temp. Control A B C Water Shellac/60 min. @ 75 C./10 51 97 7382 9 sec./room temp. Carnauba/60 min. @ 43 C./10 64 82 75 73 5 sec./roomtemp. Shellac/60 min. @ 75 C./20 57 97 96 97 7 sec./40 F Shellac/30 min.@ 93 C./20 50 98 61 65 3 sec./room temp.

[0098] The compositions of Examples 1 and 2 are prepared by adding oleicacid to a mixture of water, KOH, citric acid, phosphoric acid (if used),sodium bicarbonate, glycerin, and ethanol. The PEG 3350 (if used) andessence are added last.

EXAMPLE 3

[0099] Product A B C D Ingredient level % level % level % level % Water89.79 90.63 88.068 88.91 KOH 2.12 1.28 2.842 2.00 Ethanol 2.00 2.00 2.002.00 Glycerin 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Oleic acid 2.643 2.643 2.643 2.643Sodium Bicarbonate. 0.547 0.547 0.547 0.547 Phosphoric Acid 0.00 0.001.00 1.00 Citric acid 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 Essence 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03PEG 3350 .350 .350 .350 .350 Neat pH 11.5 10.5 11.5 10.5

[0100] The above formulas are evaluated for ability to kill variousstandard microorganisms. Minor adjustments of the pH of the formulaswere done immediately prior to antimicrobial testing to give the aboveneat pH values. The formulas kill standard microorganisms effectively,and the formulas containing phosphoric acid are better, especially atlower pH. The amount of time required for control of microorganisms ismore than would ordinarily be provided by a normal cleaning operation.Therefore, it is important to package the product in a container withinstructions for allowing sufficient time for effective kill to takeplace.

EXAMPLE 4

[0101] Product A B Ingredients Level % Level % Oleic Acid 2.64 2.20Sodium Bicarbonate 0.55 0.55 Phosphoric Acid 1.00 — Citric Acid 0.520.52 EDTA, Sodium Salt 0.05 0.10 GRAS Perfume 0.05 0.08 PEG 3350 2.00 —KOH * ** Ethanol 2.00 2.00 Water Balance Balance

[0102] Each of the Compositions of Examples 1 Control, 4A, and 4B isused to spray on a contaminated Formica™ kitchen countertop, left on thesurface for about 10 min., then rinsed off to provide a sanitizingbenefit.

[0103] Each of the Compositions of Examples 2 Control, 4A, or 4B is usedto spray on a contaminated area of a 50/50 poly/cotton shirt, left onthe fabric for about 10 min., then the treated shirt is added to alaundry load to be washed in a normal fashion in an automatic washerwith a commercial detergent, to provide a sanitizing benefit.

EXAMPLE 5

[0104] Ingredient Wt % Water 73.26 PEG 3350 0.79 KOH 5.70 Ethanol 6.00Glycerin 3.00 Oleic acid 7.90 Sodium bicarbonate 1.60 Phosphoric acid1.00 Citric acid 1.56 Essence (Grapefruit oil) 0.09

[0105] The concentrated composition in Example 5 can be mixed, forexample, with distilled water at 1 part product to 2 parts water untiluniformly mixed and then used as a lower active liquid.

EXAMPLE 6

[0106] Ingredient Wt % Tri-Potassium Phosphate (TKP) 48.8 PotassiumCitrate 10.2 PEG 3350 4.3 Potassium Oleate 36.7

[0107] The anhydrous dry composition in Example 6 can be mixed, forexample, with distilled water at 1 part product to 11 parts water untiluniformly dissolved/mixed and then used in a liquid form.

[0108] All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Inventionare, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation ofany document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior artwith respect to the present invention.

[0109] While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

1-19. (Canceled)
 20. A method for reducing the level of microorganisms on non-food, inanimate surfaces comprising the steps of contacting said surfaces with an aqueous cleaning solution comprising at least about 0.5% detergent surfactant and having a basic pH of greater than about 10 and allowing said solution to remain on said surfaces for a period of time in excess of about one minute before removing said solution from said surfaces; wherein said solution is allowed to remain on said surface for a period of time sufficient to effect a significant reduction in microorganisms as compared to the same method wherein said solution is immediately removed from said surfaces; and wherein said surfaces are those used by infants.
 21. The method according to claim 20 wherein said surfaces are selected from the group consisting of fabrics, toys, diapers and bibs.
 22. A method for reducing the level of microorganisms on non-food, inanimate surfaces comprising the steps of contacting said surfaces with an aqueous cleaning solution comprising at least about 0.5% detergent surfactant and having a basic pH of greater than about 10 and allowing said solution to remain on said surfaces for a period of time in excess of about one minute before removing said solution from said surfaces; wherein said solution is allowed to remain on said surface for a period of time sufficient to effect a significant reduction in microorganisms as compared to the same method wherein said solution is immediately removed from said surfaces; and wherein said surfaces are those placed in the mouth of an infant by said infant.
 23. The method according to claim 22 wherein said surfaces placed in the mouth of said infant by said infant are selected from the group consisting of fabrics, toys, diapers and bibs.
 24. The method of claim 20 wherein said aqueous cleaning solution comprises: (a) from about 0.01% to about 15% of C₈-C₁₈ fatty acid; (b) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of nonionic surfactant; (c) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of organic polycarboxylic acid; (d) optionally, up to about 0.2% by weight of base-stable anionic surfactant; (e) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable basic buffer; (f) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable preservative; (g) optionally, from about 0.05% to about 10% of phosphoric acid; and (h) the balance comprising aqueous carrier selected from water and, optionally, low molecular weight, toxicologically-acceptable organic solvent; wherein said aqueous solution has a pH of more than about
 10. 25. The method of claim 22 wherein said aqueous cleaning solution comprises: (a) from about 0.01% to about 15% of C₈-C₁₈ fatty acid; (b) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of nonionic surfactant; (c) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of organic polycarboxylic acid; (d) optionally, up to about 0.2% by weight of base-stable anionic surfactant; (e) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable basic buffer; (f) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable preservative; (g) optionally, from about 0.05% to about 10% of phosphoric acid; and (h) the balance comprising aqueous carrier selected from water and, optionally, low molecular weight, toxicologically-acceptable organic solvent; wherein said aqueous solution has a pH of more than about
 10. 26. A method for cleaning a non-food, inanimate surface that can be placed in the mouth of an infant by said infant comprising the steps of: (i) contacting said non-food, inanimate surface with an aqueous cleaning solution, said aqueous cleaning solution comprising: (a) from about 0.01% to about 15% of C₈-C₁₈ fatty acid; (b) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of nonionic surfactant; (c) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of organic polycarboxylic acid; (d) optionally, up to about 0.2% by weight of base-stable anionic surfactant; (e) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable basic buffer; (f) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable preservative; (g) optionally, from about 0.05% to about 10% of phosphoric acid; and (h) the balance comprising aqueous carrier selected from water and, optionally, low molecular weight, toxicologically-acceptable organic solvent; wherein said aqueous solution has a pH of more than about 10; and (ii) leaving said aqueous cleaning solution on said non-food, inanimate surfaces at a time equal to or greater than about one minute; and wherein said non-food, inanimate surface can be placed in the mouth of said infant by said infant.
 27. A method for cleaning a non-food, inanimate surface according to claim 26 further comprising the step of: (iii) removing said aqueous cleaning solution from said non-food, inanimate surfaces at a time equal to or greater than about one minute.
 28. A method for cleaning a non-food, inanimate surface according to claim 27 wherein in step (iii) said aqueous cleaning solution is removed from non-food, inanimate surfaces at a time equal to or greater than about five minutes.
 29. A method for cleaning a non-food, inanimate surface according to claim 27 wherein in step (iii) said aqueous cleaning solution is removed from non-food, inanimate surfaces by one or more of the group consisting of rubbed, rinsed, wiped off with a suitable clean material and combinations thereof.
 30. A method for cleaning a non-food, inanimate surface according to claim 26 wherein all of the ingredients of said solution are generally regarded as safe, wherein there is at least 0.5% detergent.
 31. A method for cleaning a non-food, inanimate surface according to claim 26 wherein said non-food, inanimate surface are selected from the group consisting of fabrics, toys, diapers and bibs.
 32. An article of commerce comprising a container containing an aqueous cleaning solution which comprises: (a) from about 0.01% to about 15% of C₈-C₁₈ fatty acid; (b) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of nonionic surfactant; (c) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of organic polycarboxylic acid; (d) optionally, up to about 0.2% by weight of base-stable anionic surfactant; (e) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable basic buffer; (f) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable preservative; (g) optionally, from about 0.05% to about 10% of phosphoric acid; and (h) the balance comprising aqueous carrier selected from water and, optionally, low molecular weight, toxicologically-acceptable organic solvent; wherein said aqueous solution has a pH of more than about 10, and where said container has instructions for treating surfaces placed in the mouth of an infant by said infant comprising the instruction to apply the solution to said surfaces and to allow the solution to remain in contact for at least about one minute and wherein said surfaces are non-food, inanimate surfaces.
 33. The article of commerce of claim 32 wherein said aqueous cleaning solution comprises: (a) from about 0.05% to about 10% of oleic acid; (b) optionally, from about 0.3% to about 1% by weight of nonionic surfactant; (c) optionally, from about 0.2% to about 4% by weight of organic polycarboxylic acid; (d) optionally, up to about 0.2% by weight of base-stable anionic surfactant; (e) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable basic buffer; (f) optionally, a toxicologically-acceptable preservative; (g) optionally, from about 0.1% to about 5% of phosphoric acid; and (h) the balance comprising aqueous carrier selected from water and, optionally, low molecular weight, toxicologically-acceptable organic solvent; wherein said aqueous solution has a pH of from about 10.5 to about 12.5, and where said container has instructions for treating surfaces placed in the mouth of an infant by said infant comprising the instruction to apply the solution to said surfaces and to allow the solution to remain in contact for at least about five minutes.
 34. The article of claim 32 wherein said container is a spray container, suitable for use by an individual to clean surfaces placed in the mouth of an infant by said infant.
 35. The article of claim 32 wherein said container is a spray container, suitable for use by an individual to clean surfaces placed in the mouth of an infant by said infant and wherein all of the ingredients of said solution are generally regarded as safe.
 36. The article of claim 32 wherein said surfaces placed in the mouth of an infant by said infant are selected from the group consisting of fabrics, toys, diapers and bibs. 